Lượng từ là gì? Cách phân biệt giữa lượng từ và số từ trong tiếng Việt

Have you ever heard about “quantifiers” but are not clear about their meaning and usage in the Vietnamese language? Let’s explore the concept of quantifiers and find out why quantifiers play an important role in expressing the number and scope of things, people or objects in the article below!

What is quantifier?

What is quantifier? Quantifiers are words used to indicate the quantity or scope of things, people, or other objects. In Vietnamese, quantifiers are often used with nouns to describe the quantity or scope of that object. Quantifiers help speakers/writers clearly express information about the number or frequency of the noun they are referring to.

Quantifiers are divided into two main types, including: Quantifiers that refer to wholeness (general quantifiers) and quantifiers that refer to collection or distribution (distributed quantifiers). Classification of quantifiers will be presented in more detail in the article below.

Some examples of quantifiers are:

• Whole quantifier: “All the books in the library have been classified by subject.”

• Quantifiers of gathering or distributing: “Every day I do at least 30 minutes of exercise.”

• Quantifiers of quantity: “There are very few books on this topic in bookstores.”

• Quantifiers showing comparison: “The teacher asked each student a question, but only a few of them answered correctly.”

• Quantifiers of frequency: “He promises to meet you every Saturday at 3 p.m.”

• Quantifiers of distance: “The new clothing store is just a few steps from here.”

• Level quantifier: “That was a pretty difficult test.”

The role of quantifiers in a sentence

In literature, what is the role of quantifiers? Some important roles of quantifiers in a sentence include:

Specify quantity or range

Quantifiers help clearly identify the number or scope of an object in a sentence. This helps convey information more accurately and easily to understand.

For example: “All students in the class are allowed to go to the board to solve exercises.” (The quantifier “all” specifies that all students are on the board).

Shows frequency

Quantifiers can indicate the frequency of a certain action or event in a sentence.

For example: “He often goes to the library to read books.” (The quantifier “often” represents the frequency of the action of going to the library).

Compare and classify

Quantifiers can be used to compare or classify objects based on their quantity or properties.

For example: “Some of my friends like watching action movies, but some like comedy movies.” (The quantifier “some” classifies two groups of friends based on movie preferences).

Determine the level

Quantifiers can help express the degree or largeness/smallness of a certain attribute or property.

For example: “This competition is quite difficult for the contestants.” (The amount of “fair” determines the level of difficulty of the competition).

Sentence structure

Quantity can affect sentence structure and word order.

For example: “Every day, the teacher teaches English to the students.” (The quantifier “each” directs time and affects sentence structure).

In short, quantifiers play an important role in helping to accurately express information about quantity, frequency, scope and level in a sentence, while also affecting the structure and meaning of the sentence.

Classification of quantifiers

As mentioned above, based on how quantifiers are used in sentences, they are divided into two main types (including: quantifiers indicating the whole and quantifiers indicating collection or distribution). Details will be presented shortly.

Quantifiers that refer to the whole (General Quantifiers)

This group includes quantifiers used to express the collection, total scope or overview of things, people or objects in a sentence. (like: all, entire, entire, every, all the, the,…).

For example:

Quantifiers indicating collection or distribution (Dispersed quantifiers):

This group includes quantifiers used to express the distribution, comparison or partial collection of things, people or objects in a sentence. (like: each, one, each, those, the,…).

For example:

• Each student received a new set of books in celebration of the school’s founding day.

• Every girl in the class has a beautiful flower.

Note that a number of words can belong to both groups, depending on how they are used in the context of a sentence. Sometimes, quantifiers can also be accompanied by adjectives or adverbs to express a more specific level or characteristic. It is important to clearly understand usage and context to choose the right amount of words in each case.

Distinguish between quantity and number of words in Vietnamese

In Vietnamese, quantifiers and number words have the following distinguishing characteristics:

Position in sentence

Both number words and quantifiers come before the noun in the sentence. However, the word number is often used to express a specific, precise, and countable quantity. Quantifiers are used to generalize, estimate, or refer to a non-specific quantity.

For example:

• “Three pens” – “three” is the word number and represents the specific number of pens (3).

• “Students” – “the” is a quantifier, does not determine the exact number of students, only indicates more than one person but cannot count specifically how many.

Ability to combine with nouns, adjectives and verbs

In a sentence, number words can be combined directly with nouns to express the quantity or countability of an object. Quantifiers are not usually combined with direct verbs or adjectives, but are usually combined with nouns.

For example:

• Correct: “Two pens write” – “Two” is the number of words combined with the noun “pen writes” to express the specific number of pens (2 pens).

• Incorrect: “The eat” – “The” is a quantifier and cannot be combined directly with the verb “eat”. This sentence needs to add a noun, for example “The young people eat”.

In short, quantity words are used to express the exact and countable quantity of the object in a sentence, while quantifiers are used to refer generally or estimate quantity without giving a specific number. Quantifiers often combine directly with nouns, while quantifiers often combine with nouns to express the general quantity of the object.

Some exercises on quantity words in Vietnamese (with answers)

Below are some exercises on quantifiers in Vietnamese, along with answers for your reference:

Exercise 1: Choose the correct amount of words in the following sentence.

1. There are (s/all) friends coming to my birthday party.

2. Each student(s/several) are given exam questions.

3. I bought (all/some) new books at the bookstore.

4. The teacher is introducing (some/all) new lessons.

5. In the classroom, (all/some) students are absent from school due to illness.

Answer:

1. There were friends who came to attend my birthday party.

2. Each student is given exam questions.

3. I bought a few new books at the bookstore.

4. The teacher is introducing all the new lessons.

5. In the classroom, some students missed school due to illness.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate amount of words in the sentence.

1. ___________ the food in this restaurant is very delicious.

2. ___________ you are all highly appreciated for your academic achievements.

3. ___________ cars on the road must keep a safe distance.

4. They bought ___________ new clothes for this summer.

5. ___________ employees in the company must attend the training session.

Answer:

1. All dishes in this restaurant are delicious.

2. You are all highly regarded for your academic achievements.

3. All cars on the road must keep a safe distance.

4. They bought some new clothes for this summer.

5. All employees in the company must attend the training session.

Exercise 3: Complete the following sentence with the appropriate amount of words.

1. _________ books in the library are classified by topic.

2. _________ people signed up for the cooking course.

3. _________ 12th grade students passed the graduation exam.

4. The teacher gave _________ exercises for the students to do.

5. Let’s count _________ birds flying in the sky together.

Answer:

1. All books in the library have been classified by topic.

2. Some people have signed up for cooking courses.

3. All 12th grade students passed the graduation exam.

4. The teacher gave some exercises for the students to do.

5. Let’s count the birds flying in the sky together.

See more:

1. VNguyễn Tất Thành – Application that helps build a solid Vietnamese foundation for children
2. What does a word with many meanings mean? How to distinguish words with multiple meanings and synonyms in Vietnamese

The secret to helping children learn and solve quantifier exercises effectively

Teaching children to learn Vietnamese is a process that requires focus, empathy and encouragement from parents and schools. Here are some tips to help children learn and solve quantifier exercises effectively that you should refer to:

• Explain the meaning of quantifiers: Before children start learning and solving quantifier exercises, explain to them the meaning of different quantifiers and how they are used in sentences. At the same time, use practical and simple examples to help children understand better.

• Read and practice regularly: Encourage children to read many books and exercises containing different amounts of words so that they are familiar and master how to use them in context.

• Create a positive learning environment: Create a positive learning environment and encourage children to participate in learning. Create a private space so children can focus on studying and solving exercises effectively.

• Explore more outside of class: Encourage children to explore more outside of class by reading books, watching movies or participating in extracurricular activities related to vocabulary.

• Using Vietnamese learning software: To help children quickly and effectively absorb Vietnamese knowledge, learning software is one of the most optimal solutions today. One of the top Vietnamese learning applications in Vietnam is VNguyễn Tất Thành – An application that helps build a solid Vietnamese foundation for young children. VNguyễn Tất Thành is loved and trusted by many parents, thanks to its modern learning methods (like: games, interactive comics,…) and reputable lesson content, updated regularly.

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Using creative and interesting learning methods is the best way to help children master how to use quantifiers in Vietnamese. Hopefully, the knowledge of “What is a quantifier?” shared above is useful to you. Please follow Nguyễn Tất Thành to see more useful articles on education topics!

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